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Chicane Silver is the closest USA color to Moonrock which never made it here. It's the color I wish I had but never say that out loud where my car can hear.
Another data set indicates there were 35 "different" colors. The "different" meaning there were only 19 colors by paint code but many had regional color names. My paint code NH-630M is Silverstone Metalic in the US and Argent Silverstone in France which is kinda a translation but some have more subtle names.
We didn't get some very nice colors like Royal Navy Blue (UK)/Blue Ocean(FR) (B-526P). Thankfully we did not get "Lime Green Metalic" (GY-19M) nor "New Imola Orange Pearl" (YR-536P).
The first U.S. S2000 from Suzuka is actually '04 VIN #S000002, not S000001. It may or not be the first production S2000 from Suzuka, since of course Honda was also producing JDM and EDM cars; however, those were all AP1s, so '04 VIN #S000002 (a GPW/tan car) is certainly the first production AP2 from Suzuka.
There were 22 different paint colors offered across all markets and model years. Only Japan received all 22; the U.S. got just 11, the fewest overall. Here's my summary of which colors were available when and where (CAN excepted), along with some of the regional names for the different colors. Note that Berlina Black was the only color available every model year, in every market (including CAN - see below). Conversely, Midnight (Purple) Pearl and Dark Cardinal Red Pearl are the only colors that were never exported outside Japan.
Somewhat surprisingly, Canada got more colors than the U.S.: 14 in all, including Monte Carlo Blue Pearl ('01), New Imola Orange Pearl ('07), and Platinum White Pearl ('09). Moreover, Canadian buyers might be forgiven for thinking they got even more colors, since in a few cases, the same paint code was given a different name in different years! So, for example, Rio Yellow Pearl (Y-65P) became Solar Yellow Pearl in '06, and then (after being dropped for '07) was re-renamed Indy Yellow Pearl for '08-'09. Similarly, NH-745M was called Chicane Silver for '08 but Synchro Silver for '09, and R-510, New Formula Red, returned to Canada after a few years' absence as Formula Red for '08-'09.
Finally, here's my version of patinum's U.S. production chart, with all of the different interior versions broken out.