Just wondering what these two are for, I know the one on the right pushes gas through, what about the other?

 

Actually, the one on the right holds gas back. It's the fuel pressure regulator. The one on the left is the fuel pressure purge.

 

I haven't gone out and checked mine yet, but from what I can see, one is the fuel pressure regulator, and one is a pulsator to temper inherent pump "surging" within the fuel line. Just an educated guess, but I felt bad given there were no responses yet.

"I'd rather try and fail then not try at all..."

 

You are correct about the damper. It's used to purge fuel pressure from the fuel rail during maintenance, repair or modding, but it's called the pulsation damper.